Detailed technical articles about network resources, registration processes, and industry best practices.
Private ASN ranges (64512-65534 and 4200000000-4294967294) are free and instant, but they can never appear on the public internet. Here is exactly when a private AS number is the right tool, and when you actually need your own public ASN.
dn42 is a decentralized overlay network where hobbyists run real BGP over VPN tunnels, complete with its own git registry, ASN ranges, and RPKI. Here is how it works and when to graduate to a public ASN.
RPKI lets prefix holders cryptographically state which network may originate their IP space, so routers can spot and drop hijacked or misconfigured BGP announcements. This guide covers ROAs, the three validation states, and hosted versus delegated setups.
A practical walkthrough for creating Route Origin Authorizations in RIPE hosted RPKI, with maxLength best practice from RFC 9319 and validation checks that catch mistakes before they cause outages.
What a route object is, how the IRR and RPSL work, how transit providers turn route objects and as-sets into BGP filters, how to create route and route6 objects in the RIPE Database, and how route objects relate to RPKI ROAs.
ASPA extends RPKI from origin validation to AS path validation, catching route leaks and forged paths that a valid origin alone cannot stop. Here is how it works and what a small ASN holder should do in 2026.
BYOIP lets you advertise address space you control from AWS, Azure or Google Cloud instead of using the provider's pool. Here are the current per-cloud requirements, and where the address space and the ASN actually come from.
A transparent, sourced comparison of what sponsoring LIRs charge for RIPE ASN registration in 2026: iFog, Bakker IT, ServPerso, Snapserv, Ipregistry, Via-Registry and others, with setup fees, yearly costs and what the sticker price hides.
Explanation of Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs), how they work, their role in BGP routing, and why they're essential for Internet infrastructure.
Detailed comparison of ASN registration requirements across all five Regional Internet Registries (RIPE, ARIN, APNIC, LACNIC, AFRINIC) including eligibility criteria, documentation, and technical prerequisites.
Explore real-world ASN use cases including ISPs, hosting providers, enterprises, CDNs, and IXPs. Learn when you need an ASN and see practical examples from major organizations.
Detailed cost analysis of ASN registration fees across RIPE, ARIN, APNIC, LACNIC, and AFRINIC. Includes initial costs, annual fees, hidden expenses, and total cost of ownership.
Step-by-step guide to preparing a strong ASN justification for RIR applications. Includes documentation requirements, example justifications, and common mistakes to avoid.
Understand the critical differences between Provider Independent (PI) and Provider Aggregatable (PA) address space to make informed decisions for your network infrastructure.
Learn the eligibility requirements for IPv4 Provider Independent address assignments including historical criteria and current transfer market requirements.
A detailed explanation of IPv6 PI assignment sizes, from the standard /48 to larger allocations, including justification requirements and practical considerations.
Complete guide to documentation requirements for Provider Independent resource requests including legal verification, technical justification, and RIPE Database objects.
Step-by-step guide to applying for Provider Independent resources through RIPE NCC, from finding a sponsoring LIR to receiving your assignment.
Understanding IPv4 address exhaustion and how leasing emerged as a critical solution for organizations needing IP resources in a post-exhaustion world.
Financial analysis comparing IPv4 leasing and purchasing costs with break-even calculations, ROI scenarios, and decision frameworks for organizations.
How IPv6 leasing enables ISPs to deploy modern internet infrastructure without RIR membership, offering flexibility, cost savings, and faster deployment for service providers.
Guide to legal considerations in IP address leasing contracts, covering essential clauses, RIR policy compliance, liability issues, and best practices for both lessors and lessees.
Understanding tax and accounting treatment of IP address leasing, including income recognition, expense deduction, asset classification, and international tax considerations for both lessors and lessees.
Detailed breakdown of inter-RIR transfer eligibility requirements for RIPE, ARIN, APNIC, and LACNIC, including hold periods, needs assessment, and documentation requirements.
Step-by-step guide for transferring IPv4 addresses from RIPE NCC to ARIN, including detailed requirements, documentation, timelines, and best practices.
Complete guide to transferring IPv4 addresses from ARIN to RIPE NCC, including detailed requirements, 50% utilization plans, documentation, and step-by-step process.
Detailed breakdown of inter-RIR transfer timelines and approval processes for each RIR combination, including realistic expectations and timeline optimization strategies.
Guide to common reasons for inter-RIR transfer rejections and denials, including how to avoid them and what to do if your transfer is rejected.
An explanation of Local Internet Registries (LIRs), their role in the Internet infrastructure, and how they fit into the global IP address allocation system.
A detailed analysis of RIPE NCC LIR membership costs, including setup fees, annual charges, and hidden expenses, along with an evaluation of the benefits and return on investment.
A comparison of LIR membership versus Provider Independent (PI) resources to help you decide which approach best fits your organization's needs, budget, and growth plans.
A practical guide to day-to-day management of your RIPE NCC LIR account, covering the LIR Portal, RIPE Database, resource requests, contact management, and best practices for efficient operations.
An overview of compliance requirements and obligations for RIPE NCC Local Internet Registries, including policy adherence, database accuracy, audit procedures, and consequences of non-compliance.